Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD)
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Chronotherapy: A Natural Remedy for Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD)

Written by AYO Team

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Chronotherapy: A Natural Remedy for Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD)
Table of contents

Key Takeaways

  • Chronotherapy, particularly bright light therapy, can effectively manage Seasonal Affective Disorder by resetting the body’s internal clock.
  • Sleep schedule adjustments, including sleep phase advancement and wake therapy, are key components of chronotherapy for SAD.
  • Implementing chronotherapy at home is possible with proper guidance, but should be done under professional supervision.

As the days grow shorter and darker, millions of people worldwide find themselves with a persistent seasonal cloud of depression.

This isn’t just a case of the “winter blues” – it’s a real condition known as Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD).

SAD affects approximately 5% of adults in the United States, with symptoms typically beginning in the fall and persisting through winter.

For those affected, the impact can be severe: low energy, mood swings, sleep problems, and a significant decrease in quality of life.

While traditional treatments like antidepressants and talk therapy can be effective, they don’t work for everyone.

One of the lesser-known remedies for SAD is chronotherapy which works with your body’s natural rhythms to combat SAD.

In this article, we’ll explore how chronotherapy works, its various forms, and how you can implement it at home to potentially cure SAD.

Did you know?
Your eyes have special receptors that respond to blue light, which plays a crucial role in regulating your circadian rhythm.

Understanding Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD)

Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD) is more than just feeling down during the colder months.

It’s a recognized form of depression that follows a seasonal pattern, typically beginning and ending at about the same time each year.

SAD is a subtype of major depressive disorder characterized by its recurrent seasonal pattern and while it can occur in summer for some individuals, it’s most common during fall and winter.

SAD shares many symptoms with major depression, but with a seasonal twist:

  • Persistent low mood
  • Loss of interest in activities
  • Changes in sleep patterns (often oversleeping)
  • Fatigue and low energy
  • Changes in appetite (often craving carbohydrates)
  • Difficulty concentrating
  • Feelings of hopelessness or worthlessness

Several factors can increase one’s risk of developing SAD.

For example, living far from the equator, where seasonal changes in daylight are more pronounced, is a significant risk factor.

A family history of depression or a personal history of depression or bipolar disorder can also increase susceptibility.

Age plays a role too, with young adults being at higher risk of developing SAD compared to older adults.

While the exact cause of SAD isn’t fully understood, researchers believe it’s linked to how our bodies respond to light changes.

The primary factors include:
  1. Disrupted Circadian Rhythms: Reduced sunlight in fall and winter can disrupt your body’s internal clock, leading to feelings of depression.
  2. Serotonin Levels: Less sunlight may cause a drop in serotonin, a brain chemical that affects mood.
  3. Melatonin Balance: The change in season can disrupt the balance of melatonin, which plays a role in sleep patterns and mood.

What is Chronotherapy?

Chronotherapy is an innovative approach to treating various mood disorders, including Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD) and it’s based on a set of techniques designed to reset or adjust your body’s internal clock, also known as the circadian rhythm.

This biological clock regulates various physiological processes, including sleep-wake cycles, hormone production, and mood regulation.

There are three main types of chronotherapy used in treating Seasonal Affective Disorder:

  1. Bright Light Therapy (BLT): Involves exposure to artificial bright light that mimics natural sunlight. Typically done in the morning using a light therapy device (like AYO’s glasses) and aims to suppress melatonin production and boost serotonin levels.
  2. Sleep Deprivation/Wake Therapy: Involves staying awake for an extended period (usually 24-36 hours) and it’s followed by a strict sleep schedule to reset the body’s clock . This method can provide rapid, albeit temporary, relief from depressive symptoms.
  3. Sleep Phase Advancement: Gradually shifts sleep and wake times earlier and helps align your sleep-wake cycle with natural light patterns. This method is often used in combination with light therapy.

Each of these approaches targets the underlying circadian rhythm disruptions associated with SAD.

By resetting your internal clock, chronotherapy aims to alleviate the depressive symptoms that occur during darker months.

Did you know?
Light therapy was first developed in the 1980s by Dr. Norman Rosenthal, who himself suffered from SAD after moving from sunny South Africa to New York.

How Chronotherapy Works for SAD

Chronotherapy is a treatment that aims to reset your body’s internal clock.

For people with Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD), this internal clock often gets out of sync during darker months.

Think of your body as having an internal biological clock that runs on a 24-hour cycle.

This clock controls when you feel sleepy, when you’re alert, and even affects your mood.

But in people with SAD, this clock can get confused during winter months when there’s less natural light.

Chronotherapy uses specific techniques to help your body understand when it should be awake and when it should sleep by providing strong external cues to this clock and realigning these rhythms with the natural light-dark cycle, effectively resetting it.

One of the most potent external cues used in Chronotherapy is light through a treatment called light therapy.

Additionally, two important brain chemicals are affected by seasonal changes: melatonin and serotonin.

Melatonin is often called the “sleep hormone.” Your body usually makes more of it when it’s dark. In people with SAD, too much melatonin might be produced, making them feel sleepy and sluggish during the day.

Serotonin is sometimes called the “feel-good” chemical. It helps regulate mood, and its levels can drop when there’s less sunlight. This drop might contribute to feelings of depression in SAD.

Chronotherapy, especially light therapy, can help balance these chemicals. It can reduce melatonin production at the right times and boost serotonin levels, helping to improve mood and energy.

Implementing Chronotherapy at Home

While chronotherapy should be done under professional guidance, some aspects can be implemented at home.

Bright Light Therapy (BLT)

BLT is perhaps the most accessible form of chronotherapy.

One of the most exciting developments in chronotherapy is the advent of light therapy glasses. Unlike traditional light boxes that require you to sit in front of them, these wearable devices offer a more flexible and convenient option. Light therapy glasses deliver bright, therapeutic light directly to your eyes while allowing you to move freely and go about your morning routine.

These high-tech specs typically emit a blue-enriched white light that mimics natural daylight.

Here’s how to make use of this therapy correctly:

  1. Timing: Use the glasses within 30-60 minutes of waking up. For most people, early morning use (between 6-8 AM) is most effective.
  2. Duration: Start with 20-30 minutes per day. If needed, you can gradually increase to 45-60 minutes, but consult your doctor first.
  3. Intensity: Most light therapy glasses provide equivalent of 10,000 lux of blue-enriched white light. Ensure the glasses you choose meet this standard for effective treatment.
  4. Activity: Unlike with light boxes, you can move around freely while wearing the glasses. Use this time to prepare breakfast, check emails, or perform other morning tasks.

Sleep Phase Advancement

Sleep phase advancement is a chronotherapy technique that aims to shift your sleep schedule earlier. This method is based on the idea that many people with SAD have a delayed sleep phase, meaning they naturally tend to go to sleep and wake up later than desired.

Here’s how you can use this technique at home:

  1. Start by going to bed 15 minutes earlier than usual.
  2. Wake up 15 minutes earlier as well.
  3. Continue advancing your sleep and wake times by 15 minutes every 2-3 days.
  4. Your goal is to shift your sleep phase 2-3 hours earlier over several weeks.
  5. Maintain this earlier schedule consistently, even on weekends.
  6. Use light therapy upon waking to reinforce the new schedule.

Sleep Deprivation/Wake Therapy

Sleep deprivation therapy, also known as wake therapy, is a more intensive form of chronotherapy. It involves intentionally skipping sleep for a set period to rapidly shift your sleep-wake cycle.

Because this is a more intensive form of chronotherapy, should only be done under close medical supervision.

Here’s how it typically works:

  • Stay awake for an entire night and the following day.
  • Go to bed the next evening at your desired “new” bedtime.
  • Wake up at your target wake time the following morning.
  • Maintain this new sleep schedule going forward. 
Did you know?
Vitamin D, often called the "sunshine vitamin," may play a role in SAD. Consider asking your doctor about supplementation during darker months.

Chronotherapy for SAD: Your Quick-Start Cheat Sheet

To help you get started on your journey to better winter well-being, we’ve created a comprehensive yet easy-to-follow cheat sheet.

This quick-start guide distills the key principles of chronotherapy into actionable steps you can implement at home.

1. Bright Light Therapy (BLT)

  • Get a 10,000 lux light box or light therapy glasses with comparable light intensity
  • Use within 1 hour of waking, for 20-30 minutes daily
  • Position it at arms length from your face in case of a light box, or wear it on your face in case of light therapy glasses
  • Maintain consistent timing each day

2. Sleep Schedule Optimization

  • Set consistent sleep and wake times (even on weekends)
  • Aim for 7-9 hours of sleep nightly
  • Create a relaxing bedtime routine
  • Avoid screens 1-2 hours before bed

3. Sleep Phase Advancement (if recommended)

  • Go to bed 15 minutes earlier each night
  • Wake up 15 minutes earlier each morning
  • Advance by 15 minutes every 2-3 days
  • Use light therapy upon waking to reinforce new schedule

4. Lifestyle Support

  • Exercise regularly, preferably outdoors during daylight
  • Maintain a balanced diet rich in vitamins D and B
  • Practice stress-reduction techniques (e.g., meditation, deep breathing)
  • Stay socially connected, even when you don’t feel like it

5. Track Your Progress

  • Keep a mood and sleep diary
  • Note any changes in symptoms or overall well-being
  • Adjust your routine based on what works best for you

6. Safety First

  • Consult a healthcare professional before starting
  • Be aware of potential side effects (e.g., headaches, eye strain)
  • Inform your doctor of any other medications or treatments you’re using

Your Solution to Seasonal Blues

Chronotherapy offers a promising, natural approach to managing SAD by resetting your internal clock. From light therapy to sleep adjustments, these techniques can significantly improve your winter well-being.

If you found this article helpful, check out our blog here.

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