SEASONAL AFFECTIVE DISORDER (SAD)
8 mins

Seasonal Affective Disorder in Children: Everything You Need to Know

Written by AYO Team

AYO is the World's First Circadian Health Wearable. Sleep Better, Boost Energy, Embrace Wellness!

Share article
child with a teddy bear
Table of contents

Key Takeaways

  • Seasonal affective disorder in children follows a predictable pattern, with symptoms appearing during fall and winter months when daylight decreases, then improving in spring and summer. It's a legitimate medical condition affecting brain chemistry, not just bad behavior or laziness.
  • Watch for mood changes like irritability and sadness, physical symptoms like constant fatigue and increased sleep, and behavioral issues like difficulty concentrating that are often mistaken for ADHD.
  • Light therapy is the most common first-line treatment, whether through outdoor exposure or light therapy glasses worn for 20-30 minutes daily.

Your child was energetic and happy last spring, but now that fall has arrived, they're irritable, exhausted, and their grades are slipping.

You've noticed this same pattern for the past two years.

Every winter brings the same struggles, and by spring, they seem to bounce back as if nothing had happened.

This isn't a coincidence.

Your child might have seasonal affective disorder (SAD), a type of depression triggered by shorter daylight hours.

SAD affects more children than most parents realize, and recognizing the pattern is your first step toward helping them.

This article covers how to identify SAD symptoms in your child, what causes these seasonal mood changes, proven treatment options that work for kids, and when you need to involve a healthcare professional.

Did you know?
Between 1.7% and 5.5% of children ages 9-19 may have seasonal affective disorder. That's more than 1 million children and adolescents in North America.

What Is Seasonal Affective Disorder in Children?

Seasonal affective disorder is a type of depression that follows a predictable pattern tied to the seasons.

Most children with SAD experience symptoms during the fall and winter months when daylight hours decrease. Once spring arrives and days get longer, their symptoms improve or disappear altogether.

SAD can affect kids as young as elementary school age, though it's more frequently diagnosed in teenagers.

The condition isn't just "winter blues" or a phase your child will outgrow. It's a legitimate medical condition that affects brain chemistry and requires attention.

Diagnosing SAD typically takes one to two years because doctors need to observe the pattern repeating across multiple seasons.

Your child's pediatrician will look for symptoms that consistently appear during the same months each year and improve during others.

This seasonal timing is what distinguishes SAD from other forms of depression.

Recognizing SAD Symptoms in Your Child

child on the bed with her mom

SAD symptoms in children look different from adult depression.

Kids rarely say "I feel depressed." Instead, you'll notice changes in their behavior, mood, and daily functioning.

Mood and emotional changes:

  • Increased crankiness and irritability over minor issues
  • Sadness or expressions of hopelessness
  • Unusually hard on themselves
  • Loss of interest in activities they usually enjoy

Physical symptoms:

  • Constant fatigue despite adequate sleep
  • Sleeping more than usual, difficulty waking for school
  • Changes in appetite (craving junk food and overeating, or loss of appetite)

Behavioral and cognitive changes:

  • Trouble concentrating on homework or following instructions
  • Increased fidgeting and restlessness
  • Declining grades and incomplete assignments
  • Often mistaken for new-onset ADHD

The key identifier is timing.

These symptoms consistently appear during the same season each year and subside when spring arrives.

Did you know?
SAD rates increase with age and are higher in postpubertal girls.

Why Children Get Seasonal Affective Disorder

The exact cause of SAD remains unclear, but researchers have identified strong connections between sunlight exposure and brain chemistry.

When daylight hours decrease in fall and winter, your child's brain receives less natural light, which directly affects two critical chemicals: serotonin and melatonin.

Serotonin regulates mood. Sunlight triggers your brain to produce more serotonin, which is why people often feel happier on sunny days.

When days get shorter and darker, serotonin production drops, lower serotonin levels lead directly to depression symptoms like sadness, irritability, and loss of interest in activities.

Melatonin works differently.

This chemical makes you feel sleepy, and your brain produces more of it when the sun goes down.

During the winter months, with longer periods of darkness, melatonin levels remain elevated for more hours each day. This also explains why children with SAD feel exhausted constantly and want to sleep more than usual.

Some children's brains react more sensitively to these chemical shifts than others.

Effective Treatment Options for Children with SAD

young girl with her teddy bear

Light therapy is the most common first-line treatment for childhood SAD.

The simplest approach is getting your child outside during daylight hours.

Morning sunlight works best. A 20-30 minute walk before school can make a noticeable difference.

Additionally, light therapy glasses offer a convenient alternative, especially in regions with limited winter sunlight or for families with tight schedules.

These wearable devices emit bright light that mimics natural sunlight, allowing your child to move around without requiring them to sit in one place.

The glasses allow them to move around freely while receiving treatment, and results typically appear within one to two weeks.

Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) helps children who struggle significantly with SAD. The therapist teaches your child to recognize negative thought patterns and develop coping strategies.

Lifestyle adjustments can also support other treatments. For example, physical activity naturally boosts mood.

Did you know?
In a controlled trial of 28 children with SAD, 78% of parents and 80% of children reported light therapy as the phase when the child felt best.

When to Seek Professional Help

Start with your child's pediatrician if you suspect SAD.

They can rule out other medical conditions that cause similar symptoms, like thyroid problems or vitamin deficiencies.

The pediatrician will ask about the timing and severity of symptoms to determine if the pattern matches that of seasonal affective disorder.

Schedule an appointment if symptoms interfere with daily life. Warning signs include failing grades, refusing to attend school, withdrawing from friends, or being unable to complete basic tasks such as homework or chores.

Early intervention helps prevent symptoms from worsening and enables your child to develop coping skills more quickly.

Not all winter mood changes are seasonal. If your child's symptoms continue into spring and summer without improvement, they likely have non-seasonal depression rather than SAD.

Year-round depression requires different treatment approaches and ongoing management.

A mental health professional can provide the most accurate diagnosis.

They'll evaluate symptom patterns over time and recommend appropriate treatment.

Many children benefit from seeing both a therapist for CBT and a psychiatrist for medication management if needed.

Help Your Child Before Winter Returns

Seasonal affective disorder is treatable once you recognize the pattern.

Your child's winter struggles aren't due to laziness or attitude problems; their brain chemistry shifts with the seasons. Light therapy, professional support, and lifestyle adjustments make a real difference.

Visit our blog for more articles on light therapy and more tips to fix seasonal affective disorder.

Master your Circadian Health with The World's First Circadian Health Wearable

AYO is an award-winning health & wellness wearable. Made for doers, dreamers and those who live life to the full.

BUY AYO